Arduino NodeMCU may have problem to connect to ttyUSB0 on Ubuntu. You can verify this using dmesg command. It is disconnected immediately after connected to the USB port. Because of this, Arduino IDE can't access your board and you can't do anything with it.
It looks like Ubuntu comes with brltty service running by default and it reserves the ttyUSB0 (but not using it). The easiest solution for me was to remove this package:
sudo apt remove brltty
As soon as brltty is removed my NodeMCU connected to ttyUSB0 and Arduino IDE recognized it.